CVE-2025-27407: graphql allows remote code execution when loading a crafted GraphQL schema
Summary Loading a malicious schema definition in GraphQL::Schema.fromintrospection (or GraphQL::Schema::Loader.load) can result in remote code execution. Any system which loads a schema by JSON from an untrusted source is vulnerable, including those that use GraphQL::Client to load external schemas via GraphQL introspection.
Published Mar 12, 2025 · Updated Nov 3, 2025
Affected packages
graphql
- Ecosystem
- RubyGems
- Affected
- >= 2.4.0, < 2.4.13
- Fixed in
- 2.4.13
- Check
bundle info graphql
graphql
- Ecosystem
- RubyGems
- Affected
- >= 2.3.0, < 2.3.21
- Fixed in
- 2.3.21
- Check
bundle info graphql
graphql
- Ecosystem
- RubyGems
- Affected
- >= 2.0.0, < 2.0.32
- Fixed in
- 2.0.32
- Check
bundle info graphql
graphql
- Ecosystem
- RubyGems
- Affected
- >= 1.13.0, < 1.13.24
- Fixed in
- 1.13.24
- Check
bundle info graphql
graphql
- Ecosystem
- RubyGems
- Affected
- >= 1.12.0, < 1.12.25
- Fixed in
- 1.12.25
- Check
bundle info graphql
graphql
- Ecosystem
- RubyGems
- Affected
- >= 2.1.0, < 2.1.15
- Fixed in
- 2.1.15
- Check
bundle info graphql
graphql
- Ecosystem
- RubyGems
- Affected
- >= 1.11.5, < 1.11.11
- Fixed in
- 1.11.11
- Check
bundle info graphql
graphql
- Ecosystem
- RubyGems
- Affected
- >= 2.2.0, < 2.2.17
- Fixed in
- 2.2.17
- Check
bundle info graphql
Advisory details
From the GitHub Advisory Database (CC BY 4.0).
Summary
Loading a malicious schema definition in GraphQL::Schema.from_introspection (or GraphQL::Schema::Loader.load) can result in remote code execution. Any system which loads a schema by JSON from an untrusted source is vulnerable, including those that use GraphQL::Client to load external schemas via GraphQL introspection.
Credited to yvvdwf, rmosolgo, joernchen, adarshan-gl.
References
- https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/security/advisories/GHSA-q92j-grw3-h492
- https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/e58676c70aa695e3052ba1fbc787efee4ba7d67e
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27407
- https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/28233b16c0eb9d0fb7808f4980e061dc7507c4cd
- https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/2d2f4ed1f79472f8eed29c864b039649e1de238f
- https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/5c5a7b9a9bdce143be048074aea50edb7bb747be
- https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/6eca16b9fa553aa957099a30dbde64ddcdac52ca
- https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/d0963289e0dab4ea893bbecf12bb7d89294957bb
- https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/d1117ae0361d9ed67e0795b07f5c3e98e62f3c7c
- https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/e3b33ace05391da2871c75ab4d3b66e29133b367
- https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released
- https://github.com/github-community-projects/graphql-client
- https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/graphql/CVE-2025-27407.yml
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00002.html
- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-q92j-grw3-h492
How this page is made: the data panel comes from the GitHub Advisory Database, CISA’s KEV catalog, the NVD and FIRST EPSS, and updates twice a day. No analysis has been written for this entry yet. Methodology